COMPARE YOUR OPTIONS
Methylation support
MTHFR Daily and Hydroxy B12 + Folinic Acid are alternatives. Your folate, vitamin B12, and genetic results can help your clinician choose between them.
INTERACTIVE PATHWAY · TWO CONNECTED STORIES
Choose a stop to see what it does. Follow the folate side, then the energy side. The connection is ATP used to make SAM.
THE BIG PICTURE · TAP ANY STOP
Choose a stop to update the lesson below, or follow the story in order.
02 / MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGY
The cycle makes energy carriers. MTHFR works on folate in a separate route. ATP connects the stories.
Step 1 of 14: Prepare folate.
MTHFR helps make 5-MTHF, a form of folate.
The MTHFR enzyme helps change 5,10-methylene-THF into 5-MTHF. It uses a vitamin B2-derived helper called FAD. Think of this as preparing a methyl group for the next step. It is not a step in the citric acid cycle.
MTHFR · vitamin B2 helps
Simplified teaching view · movement shows the idea, not your own pathway speed.
Follow the whole story The citric acid cycle loads energy carriers. The respiratory chain helps make ATP. A separate methylation step spends some ATP to make SAM.
STORY 1 · FOLATE & METHYLATION
MTHFR and MTR act in folate and homocysteine recycling. These are not steps of the citric acid cycle.
The MTHFR enzyme helps change 5,10-methylene-THF into 5-MTHF. It uses a vitamin B2-derived helper called FAD. Think of this as preparing a methyl group for the next step. It is not a step in the citric acid cycle.
The bridge between stories Energy metabolism supplies ATP. The cell spends ATP to make SAM from methionine. Mitochondria also use methyl groups for some upkeep jobs. Those connections do not mean MTHFR directly runs the citric acid cycle.
STORY 2 · MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGY
Tap each stage. Open a stop in the cycle to see what is passed along.
Acetyl-CoA enters. NADH, FADH₂ and a small amount of GTP or ATP carry energy out. The cycle returns to its starting helper.
Oxaloacetate is ready for another acetyl-CoA. Energy carriers travel onward.