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CTH helps make cysteine, one of the building blocks your body uses to make glutathione.

The older Purser genetics reference uses the heading “DAOA (AOC1)” in its gut section.

DHFR helps reduce folic acid and dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate-related forms used in cellular metabolism. This is one part of the folate system, distinct from MTHFR and folate transport into cells.

ESR1 encodes estrogen receptor alpha, which helps cells respond to estrogen. Receptor signaling is different from the amount of estrogen measured in blood.

Encodes an enzyme involved in fatty-acid metabolism.

Encodes an enzyme involved in fatty-acid metabolism.

FOLH1 helps break down folate from food so it can be absorbed. This is different from the MTHFR step.

FOLR1 encodes folate receptor alpha, which helps cells take up folate and has an important role in folate transport at the brain’s barriers. Blood folate and folate availability in the nervous system are not identical measurements.

FOLR2 encodes folate receptor beta, a folate-binding protein expressed in particular cell types, including subsets of immune cells. It is distinct from the FOLR1 receptor and the SLC19A1 reduced folate carrier.

FTO is studied in relation to body weight and energy balance. Common variants can contribute to population-level differences in obesity susceptibility, alongside many other genes and environmental factors.

FUT2 affects substances on the surfaces of the gut and other moist tissues and is studied in relation to the microbiome.

G6PC2 encodes a glucose-6-phosphatase-related protein expressed in pancreatic islet cells. Common variation is associated with differences in fasting glucose regulation; it is not the insulin receptor.