…but a gene result alone does not choose the form or amount.
Food sources
Eggs; dairy; liver; orange and dark-green vegetables containing provitamin A carotenoids.
Supplement forms
Retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate and beta-carotene.
What t…
…t of the pathway assessment, not a stand-alone dosing rule.
Food sources
Milk; yogurt; eggs; meats; almonds; fortified cereals.
Supplement forms
Riboflavin and riboflavin-5-phosphate.
A question to bring to your visit
How does my riboflavin…
…e forms should not be treated as interchangeable therapies.
Food sources
Poultry; fish; meat; peanuts; enriched grains.
Supplement forms
Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (niacinamide).
What to track and reassess
Note any flushing and the exa…
…be assumed to eliminate the risks of excessive B6 exposure.
Food sources
Chickpeas; fish; poultry; potatoes; bananas; fortified cereals.
Supplement forms
Pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P).
A question to bring to your …
…Folate, B9, folic acid, methylfolate, 5-MTHF, folinic acid, foods high in folate
Different folate forms, different questions
Dr. Purser’s course distinguishes methylfolate, folinic acid and methyl-free approaches. It asks what the person al…
…el alone does not establish the amount an individual needs.
Food sources
Citrus; bell peppers; kiwi; strawberries; broccoli.
Supplement forms
Ascorbic acid and mineral ascorbates.
What to track and reassess
Check vitamin C in multivitamins …
… combined D/K and multivitamin products before adding more.
Food sources
Fatty fish; egg yolks; fortified milk or plant drinks; some UV-exposed mushrooms. Sun exposure is not a food source.
Supplement forms
D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (chole…
…oduct is being considered and distinguish it from K2 forms.
Food sources
Leafy greens; broccoli; Brussels sprouts.
Supplement forms
Phylloquinone, also called phytonadione.
What to track and reassess
Coordinate any vitamin K change with the…
…ild-cherry-bark preparations are distinct from cherry fruit foods. Do not substitute homemade bark preparations for a reviewed product.
What symptoms can—and cannot—tell you
There is no established dietary deficiency syndrome for this speci…
A carotenoid found in foods and in the retina.
Also called: Zeaxanthin
What it does
A carotenoid found in foods and in the retina.
How supplementation is approached
Zeaxanthin is a plant pigment found in the eye and often paired with lutein…
…for the effects of prolonged high intake on copper balance.
Food sources
Oysters; meat; poultry; beans; pumpkin seeds; fortified cereals.
Supplement forms
Zinc gluconate, citrate and sulfate are examples.
A question to bring to your visit
H…
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