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IL12B encodes the p40 subunit shared by IL-12 and IL-23. This makes it an intersection between immune pathways rather than a stand-alone measure of one cytokine.

IL13 encodes interleukin-13, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses, mucus-related processes and tissue remodeling. It overlaps with some IL-4 functions but is not the same signal.

IL15 encodes a cytokine involved in the survival and activity of immune cells, including natural killer cells and memory CD8 T cells. Its receptor system includes IL15RA.

IL15RA encodes the alpha receptor component for IL-15. It helps present IL-15 to responding immune cells, supporting communication that is important for particular lymphocyte populations.

IL16 encodes interleukin-16, a cytokine involved in attracting and influencing immune cells, including CD4-expressing cells. Its recruitment role helps separate it from other numbered interleukins.

IL17A encodes interleukin-17A, a cytokine involved in defense at tissue barriers and inflammatory signaling. It belongs to the Th17 pathway, which is supported by signals including IL-23.

IL18 encodes interleukin-18, a cytokine that can promote interferon-gamma responses in the appropriate immune context. Its receptor includes components encoded by IL18R1 and IL18RAP.

IL18R1 encodes a component of the receptor for IL-18. It works with an accessory component, IL18RAP, to support IL-18 signaling.

IL18RAP encodes an accessory protein in the IL-18 receptor complex. The receptor needs coordinated components to translate an extracellular signal into a cellular response.

IL1B encodes interleukin-1 beta, a cytokine involved in inflammatory responses and fever. Its production and activation are regulated processes, not simply an on/off consequence of having a common SNP.

IL22 encodes a cytokine that acts on tissues such as epithelial barriers. It can support barrier defense and repair, while its effects depend on the tissue and inflammatory setting.

IL23A encodes the p19 subunit of interleukin-23. Together with the p40 subunit encoded by IL12B, it forms a cytokine involved in supporting Th17 responses.