Let’s explore “CD40 & immune-cell communication”

Learn about the interferon and IL-15 pathways described in this teaching.

Explore the eye inflammation and cytokine connections in Dr. Purser’s report.

Follow Dr. Purser’s discussion of folate metabolism and inflammation.

Primary ovarian insufficiency describes reduced ovarian function before age 40.

This immune-mediated condition can affect the optic nerves and spinal cord.

FOLR2 encodes folate receptor beta, a folate-binding protein expressed in particular cell types, including subsets of immune cells. It is distinct from the FOLR1 receptor and the SLC19A1 reduced folate carrier.

IL21 encodes a cytokine involved in regulating lymphocytes, including B-cell responses. It sits within an immune network that connects T-cell help, antibody responses and inflammatory activity.

TNF encodes tumor necrosis factor, an immune-signaling protein involved in inflammation, host defense and regulation of cell survival. Its name should not be read as proof that a TNF result indicates cancer.

CCL5, also called RANTES, is a chemokine that helps direct immune-cell movement. Chemokines tell cells where to go, which is different from measuring the total strength of an immune response.

CXCL13 is a chemokine that attracts cells expressing CXCR5, including B cells. This pairing helps organize immune-cell traffic in lymphoid tissues and some chronic inflammatory settings.

IL2RA encodes the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor, also called CD25. It is involved in immune activation and regulatory T-cell biology; a soluble receptor measurement is distinct from a DNA result.

Explore MCP-4, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, immune-cell recruitment, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.