Let’s explore “persistent inflammation”

Understand why Dr. Purser teaches glutathione, SOD and catalase as a connected antioxidant team.

Encodes the reduced folate carrier, a protein involved in transporting folates into cells.

CCL3 encodes MIP-1 alpha, a chemokine involved in attracting and activating immune cells. It is related to CCL4, or MIP-1 beta, but the two genes and proteins are distinct.

CCL4 encodes MIP-1 beta, a chemokine involved in attracting immune cells. It participates in a recruitment network that includes CCL2, CXCL8 and related chemokines.

CD40 encodes a receptor that participates in communication between immune cells, including T-cell help for B-cell responses. Its partner is CD40 ligand, encoded by CD40LG.

CD40LG encodes CD40 ligand, which binds CD40 and supports communication needed for effective antibody responses. It is on the X chromosome, which changes how some genetic results must be interpreted.

CETP transfers cholesteryl esters between lipoprotein particles. This helps explain why the balance of HDL and other lipid particles is more complex than a single cholesterol number.

CXCR5 encodes the receptor for CXCL13. This receptor helps guide B cells and certain T cells toward locations where organized immune responses develop.

DDAH1 encodes an enzyme that breaks down asymmetric dimethylarginine, or ADMA. ADMA inhibits nitric oxide synthase; DDAH1 is part of its clearance system, not the inhibitor itself.

GSTO2 encodes glutathione S-transferase omega 2, a redox enzyme with dehydroascorbate reductase activity that connects glutathione chemistry with vitamin C recycling. It is a separate gene from GSTO1.

IL12B encodes the p40 subunit shared by IL-12 and IL-23. This makes it an intersection between immune pathways rather than a stand-alone measure of one cytokine.

IL13 encodes interleukin-13, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses, mucus-related processes and tissue remodeling. It overlaps with some IL-4 functions but is not the same signal.