Chapter 17: The Clinical Impact of Elevated Homocysteine Levels on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Mortality
Homocysteine and cardiovascular risk
Why this matters
Learn the difference between a cardiovascular risk marker and …
…apter 40: Current Research on Skyrizi(R) (Risankizumab) for Homocysteine-Related Conditions
Skyrizi and homocysteine: the research question
Why this matters
Explore a research question about IL-23 medicines and homocysteine-related inflam…
… lymphocytes, including B-cell responses. It sits within an immune network that connects T-cell help, antibody responses and inflammatory activity.
Also called: IL-21, Interleukin 21
A link between T-cell help and immune responses
IL21 enco…
…t to allergic inflammation as well as broader research into immune signaling.
Also called:
Eotaxin-1 and eosinophil recruitment
CCL11 encodes eotaxin-1, a chemokine best known for attracting eosinophils. Its receptor relationships connect …
… MCP-1, a chemokine that attracts monocytes toward sites of immune activity. Recruitment is a different task from the cytokines that activate those cells once they arrive.
Also called:
MCP-1: recruiting monocytes
CCL2 encodes MCP-1, a chem…
…codes a receptor that participates in communication between immune cells, including T-cell help for B-cell responses. Its partner is CD40 ligand, encoded by CD40LG.
Also called:
A conversation between immune cells
CD40 encodes a receptor t…
…ssing CXCR5, including B cells. This pairing helps organize immune-cell traffic in lymphoid tissues and some chronic inflammatory settings.
Also called:
Guiding B cells to organized immune sites
CXCL13 is a chemokine that attracts cells ex…
… cells and certain T cells toward locations where organized immune responses develop.
Also called:
Following the CXCL13 signal
CXCR5 encodes the receptor for CXCL13. This receptor helps guide B cells and certain T cells toward locations wh…
…can limit inflammatory responses and help prevent excessive immune-mediated tissue damage. Immune balance includes resolving a response as well as starting one.
Also called:
The immune system also needs a brake
IL10 encodes interleukin-10,…
…d by IL-12 and IL-23. This makes it an intersection between immune pathways rather than a stand-alone measure of one cytokine.
Also called:
A shared component of two cytokines
IL12B encodes the p40 subunit shared by IL-12 and IL-23. This m…
IL13 encodes interleukin-13, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses, mucus-related processes and tissue remodeling. It overlaps with some IL-4 functions but is not the same signal.
Also called:
Allergic signaling and tissue responses
…
…encodes a cytokine involved in the survival and activity of immune cells, including natural killer cells and memory CD8 T cells. Its receptor system includes IL15RA.
Also called:
Supporting immune-cell survival
IL15 encodes a cytokine invo…
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