THE PURSER WELLNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA

Let’s explore “CD40 & immune-cell communication”

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Gene referenceSep 23, 2026

IL13

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IL13 encodes interleukin-13, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses, mucus-related processes and tissue remodeling. It overlaps with some IL-4 functions but is not the same signal.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026

IL18

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IL18 encodes interleukin-18, a cytokine that can promote interferon-gamma responses in the appropriate immune context. Its receptor includes components encoded by IL18R1 and IL18RAP.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026

IL33

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IL33 encodes interleukin-33, a signal that can act as an alarmin during tissue stress and promote type 2 immune responses. It belongs in a different functional group from chemokines that recruit cells.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026

IL4

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IL4 encodes interleukin-4, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses and antibody class switching, including pathways related to IgE. It operates alongside IL-5 and IL-13 rather than representing all allergic biology by itself.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026

TGFB1

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TGFB1 encodes transforming growth factor beta 1, which has roles in immune regulation, tissue repair and extracellular-matrix production. Its effects can include both regulation of inflammation and promotion of fibrosis.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026

TNFSF10

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TNFSF10 encodes TRAIL, a signaling protein involved in regulated cell death through particular receptors. It is a different member of the TNF-related signaling family from TNF itself.

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